The impact of sorption on perceived indoor air quality

Sensory evaluations were used to investigate the impact of sorption processes on indoor air quality. Experiments were carried out in four similar, adjacent, unfurnished offices. Samples of carpet, linoleum, painted gypsum board, and Semia (a specially designed high-sorbing fabric) were tested individually and in combination. Additionally, to investigate the interaction between the pollutants emitted from the building materials and the test room surfaces themselves, air streams polluted by two different building materials were vented into an empty test office. Each experiment lasted for either 1 week (adsorption stage only) or 10 days (adsorption and desorption stages). Untrained panels assessed the air quality at specified times after moving the materials into or out of the rooms. The results showed that, in comparison with air in a room with carpet or linoleum alone, the presence of painted gypsum board improved the perceived air quality. This improvement persisted throughout the 168 h of the 'adsorption stage' of the experiments. A mass balance model was used to quantify the improvement. Calculated results indicate that, for the conditions used in these experiments, pollutant removal via sorption to the relatively inert office surfaces was equivalent to an extra 0.4 air change per hour (ACH) of ventilation air, while sorption to painted gypsum board surfaces was equivalent to an extra 1-7 ACH of ventilation air. In the case of Semia, sorption was equivalent to an extra 16 ACH of ventilation air. During the 'desorption stage' of the experiments, after carpet or linoleum were taken out of a room, approximately 3 days were required before the air in the test office, ventilated at 0.8 ACH, was judged to be free of the sorbed pollutants. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Ventilation rates in non-industrial buildings are based largely on sensory pollution sources and a desired level of perceived air quality. This study documents that sorptive materials in a room influence the perceived air quality and should be considered when evaluating ventilation requirements. Indeed, it may be possible to deliberately use sorption/desorption to improve indoor air in a manner analogous to the way thermal storage/release is currently used in buildings as a means of conserving energy.     

颜色感觉的评价方法

针对颜色感觉的表述和度量方法进行了研究 ,在对常用的颜色感觉表达的词语中 ,选出 10组词语分别表达不同方面的颜色感觉。由专业人员对 15种颜色进行的感官评价结果表明 ,这 10组词语能够区分出颜色感觉的特征和差异 ,可以用于指导颜色的选择和应用。用因子分析的方法对颜色感觉进行研究 ,根据颜色感觉因子分析的结果提出可以将其分为物性因子和感性因子 2项因子 ,而 10组词语表达的感觉特征分别属于这 2项主因子。     

射频透热联合化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床评价

目的: 为了改善晚期肿瘤患者生活质量, 观察局部射频透热化疗治疗恶性胸腔积液患者的临床疗效。方法: 60 例恶性胸腔积液患者在全身化疗后采用胸腔穿刺, 中心静脉导管置入胸腔持续闭式引流排胸液。随机分成2 组, 热化疗组和化疗组。采用胸腔灌注顺铂60 mg, 2 周1 次, 其中热化疗组于灌注顺铂30 min 内进行胸部射频透热治疗60 ～ 90 min 次, 每周2 次, 热疗8 ～ 10 次。结果: 化疗组有效率67 %, 热化疗组有效率90 %, 显著高于化疗组(P<0. 05)。热化疗组生活质量评分(KPS)高于化疗组(P<0. 01)。不良反应基本相似。结论: 射频透热联合双途径化疗是目前治疗恶性胸腔积液患者有效、可行的一种方法。     

基于雷达-维距离像的航迹相关方法

为提高灵巧、多模高分辨雷达跟踪目标的能力,利用宽带雷达－维距离像可实现快速辩别目标的特性,提出了高分辨雷达在多目标跟踪过程中,用一维距离像进行航迹相关的方法,定义了参数匹配分,用它讨论相同或不同目标之间距离遥相关性,利用距离匹配分均值和方差信息确定了航迹相关的判决门限和最大姿态角的变化量,三种真实飞机目标的实验结果表明,在一定姿态角度范围内,可以精确判别出目标的航迹,同时也证明了通过加密采样间隔,可提高航迹关联的准确性。     

学生实验成绩管理方法

本对《电器控制》实验教学过程控制系统作了一些经验,并着重介绍了一套能完成实验教学过程控制系统中反馈功能的方法－学生电器控制实验成绩管理系统。     

Effect of selenium spraying on green tea quality

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different selenium treatments on the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea harvested in the summer tea‐producing season. Green tea was produced from fresh tea leaves sprayed with sodium selenite or organically bound selenium solution. The results showed that the sweetness and aroma of green tea extracts were significantly increased and the astringent taste and bitterness were significantly reduced by selenium spraying during the summer tea‐producing season. Significant differences in astringent taste, bitterness and sweetness of green tea extracts were found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. The total amino acid and vitamin C contents of green tea were significantly increased and the ratio of polyphenols and amino acids was significantly decreased by selenium spraying. The vitamin C content of green tea during storage was more stable as a result of selenium treatment. No significant difference was found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. These results demonstrate that the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea were significantly improved by selenium spraying. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Sensory Characteristics of Apple Juice Evaluated by Consumer and Trained Panels

ABSTRACT: To identify sensory characteristics of unclarified apple juice and to compare unclarified and clarified types, 140 consumers and 10 trained panelists evaluated 16 commercial apple juice samples (4 clarified and 12 unclarified). Unclarified and clarified juices were clearly separated by the first principal component (PC1), whose main factor was fresh, green, and sweet aroma. It was difficult to predict consumer preference by regression models using trained panel preference and analytical attributes. Mapping consumers' overall preferences on a sensory profile made by PC1 and PC2, the consumer panel preferred apple juice with moderately increased fresh and green aroma and thoroughly decreased sour and astringent.     

Standardization of the Ammonia Electrode Method for Evaluating Seafood Quality by Correlation to Sensory Analysis

ABSTRACT: Ammonia ion-selective electrode (ISE) measurements, reported as apparent ammonia, were correlated to expert sensory assessments of 6 different fish species stored on ice and at room temperature. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), and apparent ammonia showed the same development trend during storage. ISE measurements and TVB concentrations had a correlation of r²= 0.92. Sensory assessment, using a 1- to 100-mm line scale with values > 50 considered unacceptable, resulted in an r²between sensory scores and ISE measurements of 0.78. Regression analysis predicted 19.6 mg/100 g of apparent ammonia in fish tissue at the sensory limit of 50, regardless of storage conditions. ISE measurements could be used in predicting borderline quality and decomposition.     

论音乐空间与建筑空间的对应性

本文论述了音乐空间与建筑空间的对应性关系,同时以此为基础对将乐谱这一视觉化了的音乐空间转组并移注于建筑空间的实验理论和操作方法进行了探讨和提示。     

醋豆加工过程中物质含量的变化及醋豆产品的感官评价

研究了大豆在醋制过程中物质含量 (包括总酸含量和游离氨基酸含量 )的变化 ,对醋豆产品的感官评价做了分析。结果表明 ,在 3 5mg/mL的白醋和米醋中 ,生豆和熟豆含酸量在开始的 12h内快速增加 ,浸渍醋液的含酸量则快速下降 ,从 2 4h以后 ,豆子的含酸量和浸渍醋液的含酸量都趋于恒定 ;在 3 5～ 8 5mg/mL的白醋中浸渍 ,醋液浓度对醋豆含酸量有明显的影响。生大豆和煮熟大豆的游离氨基酸含量存在较大差异 ,生豆在渍米醋 4 8h以后、熟豆在渍米醋 10h以后 ,其游离氨基酸含量都趋于恒定。含酸量在质量分数 0 6 %左右的熟豆醋豆产品 ,在色泽、气味、硬度、酸度、豆香味及综合评分等方面能为消费者所接受